3 research outputs found

    Out Of Place: Stone Architecture And Pastoral Nomadism In Prehistoric Inner Asia

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    How architecture reflects the configuration of physical and social spaces among prehistoric pastoral nomads is a topic scarcely explored in the archaeology of Inner Asia, not least because the common preconception is that structural remains are not in keeping with the mobile lifestyle. Yet, the juxtaposition of these two seemingly contrasting strategies of human subsistence forms an interesting paradox that underlies precisely the nature of nomadism. Accordingly, this study questions how pastoral nomads relate to stationary structures and the idea of a locale. To do so, it draws on the archaeological record of stone architecture in the Bortala River Valley of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, an area where pastoral nomadism developed in the second and first millennia BCE. With data collected from survey and excavation, this study employs GIS, statistics, and 3D photogrammetry to examine the environment and building patterns of these stone structures on three spatial scales. Built in simple geometric forms recurring in space and time, they correspond typologically to different epochs of human habitation, funerary and ritual activities. Instead of approaching the material typologically, however, this study questions the connection between site selection and architectural design and how the prehistoric landscape of Western Tian Shan was shaped. Three characteristics of place-making and space use are identified. First, the significance of these sites is reinforced through recurring access of specific locations and the adherence to certain building codes. Second, the aggregation of building components over time, like the symbolisms they carry, is cumulative and continuously reconfigured. Third, spatial knowledge is communal. It is anchored to a cartographic palimpsest comprising diverse forms of architecture and art. These preliminary observations form the basis for further modeling, in future research, the logistics of building and cultures of space use among early pastoral societies in Inner Asia on more explicit timescales and in more defined spatial forms

    Formalisering av Förstvarsstrategier i Hotmodeller

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    Cyber-attacks are an increasing problem for organizations across the world. The attacks on systems are getting more and more sophisticated and thereby more and more difficult to protect against. The security of systems is crucial to protect your data from unauthorized access. One approach for testing the resilience of these systems is the use of threat modelling and attack simulations. The use of threat models also enables you to identify vulnerabilities in your infrastructure. The overall resilience of the system can then be increased by implementing protection against these vulnerabilities which can take many forms. There can be security issues regarding a single component in the infrastructure and more structural issues concerning more than one component in the system. Meta Attack Language (MAL) is a meta language to write threat languages of different systems. In MAL there exits different components called assets, these assets can have defenses. The problem is that structural weaknesses cannot be identified in the current state of the language. This thesis work will provide a solution to identify vulnerable patterns in a threat model and translate these pattern to secure patterns. A prototype has been created that take a threat model as input and outputs a new updated threat model. The prototype will translate the input to a graph database and run a series of predefined queries on the database that will identify and replace vulnerable patterns. A formal logic for finding vulnerable patterns is suggested and an API to change these patterns is implemented. The result shows that by running a model through the prototype, structural vulnerabilities can be identified and mitigated. This could potentially increase the overall resilience of the system. Attacker pÄ IT system Àr ett ökande problem för organisationer runt om i vÀrlden. Attackerna blir mer och mer sofistikerade och dÀrmed svÄrare att skydda sig emot. SÀkerheten av systemen Àr vÀldigt viktigt för att skydda data frÄn obehörig Ätkomst. Ett tillvÀgagÄngssÀtt för att testa sÀkerheten mot attacker Àr att anvÀnda hotmodeller och attack-simuleringar. Resultatet av en sÄdan simulering kan sedan anvÀndas för att göra systemet sÀkrare genom att implementera skydd mot kÀnda sÄrbarheter. Dessa sÄrbarheter kan komma i mÄnga olika former. De kan finnas pÄ en enskild komponent i arkitekturen eller sÄ kan de bero pÄ mer strukturella svagheter dÀr flera komponenter berörs. Meta Attack Language (MAL) Àr ett meta-sprÄk som kan anvÀndas för skapa hot-sprÄk. I MAL sÄ finns det olika komponenter som kan ha försvar associerat till sig. Problemet Àr att i det nuvarande stadiet av MAL sÄ gÄr det inte att identifiera strukturella svagheter dÀr fler Àn en komponent Àr en del av problemet. Det hÀr arbetet föreslÄr en lösning till att identifiera skadliga mönster och översÀtta dessa mönster till sÀkra mönster. En prototyp har tagits fram som tar en hotmodell som in-data och returnerar en uppdaterad hotmodell. Prototypen översÀtter hotmodellen till en grafdatabas och exekverar en serie av sökningar som identifierar och uppdaterar skadliga mönster. En logik för att hitta mönster föreslÄs och ett API av funktioner för att Àndra mönster har utvecklats. Resultaten visar att genom körning av en modell genom prototypen sÄ skulle detta potentiellt kunna öka systemens sÀkerhet

    Lagring och visualisering av information om stötdÀmpare

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    Att genom simuleringar fÄ en förstÄelse för hur en stötdÀmpares instÀllningar pÄverkar dess egenskaper kan leda till förbÀttrad vÀghÄllning, ökad trafiksÀkerhet samt snabbare varvtider pÄ racerbanan. Genom att visualisera de simulerade data för att ge anvÀndare en uppfattning om hur instÀllningarna pÄ stötdÀmparen kommer att bete sig i praktiken.Det hÀr arbetet hade som mÄl att utforma en databas som efterliknar en stötdÀmpares egenskaper samt att visualisera dessa egenskaper pÄ en webbsida. Kravinsamling gjordes genom intervjuer med experter och information införskaffades via litteraturstudier. UtifrÄn insamlade krav och fallstudier utvecklades en relationsdatabas som innehÄller information om en dÀmpares komponenter och uppbyggnad samt ett visualiseringsverktyg dÀr egenskaperna hos dÀmparen visualiserades pÄ en webbsida. Databasen och visualiseringsverktyget sammanfogades sedan till en prototyp för att möjliggöra simulering av en dÀmpares egenskaper pÄ webben.Resultatet av fallstudierna visade att databashanteringssystemet MySQL och grafbiblioteket Chart.js var bÀst lÀmpade för prototypen utifrÄn de insamlade kraven. Funktionaliteten av protypen validerades av projektets uppdragsgivare och felmarginalen för simuleringarna var under 1%. Detta implicerar att databasmodellen som tagits fram hÄller god kvalitet och att resultatet visualiseras pÄ ett korrekt och förstÄeligt sÀtt.By perform simulations to achieve an understanding of how a shock absorbers setting affect its characteristics could result in improved road holding, increased roadworthiness and faster lap times at the racetrack. By visualizing the simulated data, users can get an understanding in how the settings on the shock absorber will behave.This work had as a goal to design a database that mimic a shock absorbers characteristic and to visualize these characteristics on a website. Requirements was gathered through interviews with experts and information was procured through literature studies. From the gathered requirements and case studies a relational database, that contain information about a shock absorbers components and construction, was developed. A visualization tool to visualize the characteristics of a shock absorber was also developed. The database and the visualization tool where then joined to create a prototype for simulating a shock absorbers characteristic on the web.The result from the case studies indicated that the database management system MySQL and the graph library Chart.js was best suited for the prototype, based on the collected requirements. The functionality of the prototype was validated by the client and the margin of error for the simulation was below 1%. This implies that the database model that has been produced is of good quality and that the visualization of the result is presented in a correct and apprehensible manner
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